types.ClassType

We can provide a custom metaclass by setting __metaclass__ in a class definition to any callable that takes the same arguments as type.

When the Python interpreter executes a class statement […], it calls type with the following arguments:

• The name of the class as a string
• A tuple of base classes - for our example this is the ‘one-pl’ 1
• A dictionary containing members of the class (class attributes, methods, etc) mapped by their names

a descriptor is an object attribute with “binding behavior”, one whose attribute access has been overridden by methods in the descriptor protocol.

Descriptors that only define get are called non-data descriptors (they are typically used for methods but other uses are possible).

If an object defines both __get__ and __set__, it is considered a data descriptor.

overriding __getattribute__ prevents automatic descriptor calls

If an instance’s dictionary has an entry with the same name as a data descriptor, the data descriptor takes precedence. If an instance’s dictionary has an entry with the same name as a non-data descriptor, the dictionary entry takes precedence.

In about two minutes, discussion on PEP 405 came and went. Carl Meyer mentioned that a reference implementation is available and is working pretty well.

Django 1.5 will begin to experimentally support Python 3. Python 2.6 will be the minimum requirement.

very handy for preventing back button issues.

from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_control