The orexin system is absolutely hardwired into the sympathetic nervous system

Measuring CSF hypocretin-1 is a definitive diagnostic test, provided that it is interpreted within the clinical context.

Actually, chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes, among people younger than 65 drives two-thirds of medical spending. About 85 percent of medical costs are spent on people younger than 65

Addison’s disease is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of their hormones.

when people are exposed to prolonged, strong vibrations (such as from using chainsaws), their arteries can elongate

due more to loss of nervous control than weakened bones (only a 22% reduction in bone strengh)

the process that prevents blood clots (fibrins) from growing and becoming problematic

The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

arising spontaneously or from an obscure or unknown cause

a condition that causes some areas of your body – such as your fingers, toes, the tip of your nose and your ears – to feel numb and cool in response to cold temperatures or stress. In Raynaud’s disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to your skin narrow, limiting blood circulation to affected areas.

Histatins are proteins found in saliva. They are antimicrobial and antifungal proteins, and have been found to play a role in wound-closure

exposure to microbes in early life can reduce the body’s inventory of invariant natural killer

Henry Gustav Molaison (February 26, 1926 - December 2, 2008), famously known as HM or H.M., was an American memory disorder patient whose hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala were surgically removed in an attempt to cure his epilepsy.

Cautery pen filaments get so hot that they can cut through flesh effortlessly. Physicians routinely use them for small surgical procedures.

One of [them] obviously, of course, involved with epilepsy. It turns out that stimulation of this nerve can actually desynchronize the EEG, where synchrony in the EEG is the sign of epilepsy, or of active seizure.

After a median follow-up of 11 years in the core age group, the relative reduction in the risk of death from prostate cancer in the screening group was 21% (rate ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 0.91; P=0.001), and 29% after adjustment for noncompliance. The absolute reduction in mortality in the screening group was 0.10 deaths per 1000 person-years or 1.07 deaths per 1000 men who underwent randomization. The rate ratio for death from prostate cancer during follow-up years 10 and 11 was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.85; P=0.003). To prevent one death from prostate cancer at 11 years of follow-up, 1055 men would need to be invited for screening and 37 cancers would need to be detected. There was no significant between-group difference in all-cause mortality.

people who comply with their doctors’ orders when given a prescription are different and healthier than people who don’t.

They developed an algorithm that would match data from each drug-exposed patient to a nonexposed control patient with the same condition. The approach automatically corrected for several known sources of bias, including those linked to gender, age and disease.

The team then used this method to compile a database of 1,332 drugs and possible side effects that were not listed on the labels for those drugs. The algorithm came up with an average of 329 previously unknown adverse events for each drug.